1. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Overview
Mountain biking is a great way to explore the outdoors, stay in shape, or just have fun. Racing down the side of a mountain is exhilarating; however, it can also be quite dangerous if you don’t know what you’re doing. Therefore, in today’s issue we are going to go over some of the basics every mountain biker should know that way you can hit the trails with confidence.
Since the 1970s, when Mountain Biking first became popular many aspects of the sport have changed and advanced as people discover new styles of riding their Mountain Bikes. Now, there are literally hundreds of different brands of gear on the market. You can go to almost any sports store and find all kinds of equipment that caters to the needs of enthusiasts. This evolution has made it possible for mountain bikers everywhere to discover and to enjoy the sport.
Mountain biking is often categorized into three different styles downhill, free riding, and cross-country. Even though the different styles are similar in some ways, they require different skills and equipment. The style that you pick will determine the type of bike you get.
When it comes to buying a mountain bike the one you choose is more of a personal preference, and
the biggest determining factor is the type of riding you will be doing. As I’m sure you’re aware bikes come in all styles, shapes, and prices, which can make selecting one a bit of a challenge.
A good place to start is the internet. Do your research, some price comparisons and before you buy a bike, always ask to try it first. A great mountain biker will become one with his or her own bike. When shopping, make sure you check for comfort, fit and how it’s geared. Also, consider the locations where you plan to ride. If it’s local that will help narrow down you choices, but if you plan to travel to different places then it may take you a while to find just the right one.
Now let’s go over a few of the different styles that you can explore:
– Cross country
This type of mountain biking involves riding your bike up and down hills. Although it’s the least
extreme form of mountain biking, most cross country riders are very fit and go on long rides.
– Cyclo cross
This is a cross between road and mountain biking. These riders have to go over obstacles, cross through
rivers, and race on and off the course.
– Dirt jumping
Dirt jumping involves jumping the bike over large man made dirt jumps then doing tricks while they
are in the air. These jumps are normally close together so riders can go over six or more jumps
in one run, gaining a flow to give them more speed for bigger jumps.
– Downhill
Downhill mountain biking involves racing downhill as fast as possible. This type of riding is very
intense and extreme, offering riders the chance for ultimate thrills and excitement.
– Free-ride
Free riding involves finding the perfect line down the mountain using all of the terrain to express
yourself. These competitions are very popular, because riders can showcase themselves and their talents.
– Single speed
No to be confused with fixed gears, this is a form of cross country biking that’s done using a bike
with only one gear and fewer components. The idea with single speed is simplicity. The straight
chain line will provide efficient pedaling, and the lack of components mean less mechanical
problems and a lighter bike.
– Street and urban
While this type of riding doesn’t take place in the mountains it does require the same skills and endurance. It involves riding in urban areas, ledges, and other types of manmade obstacles.
Riders of street and urban biking will do tricks as well, such as stalls and grinds.
– Trail riding
Trials are considered an aspect of mountain biking, although the bikes used look nothing like mountain
bikes. They use 20 or 26-inch wheels and sport small, low frames. Trail riders will hop and jump their bikes over obstacles, which requires an extreme amount of balance and concentration.
Like all other sports, it takes time and practice to master the basic skills. Endurance and stamina is necessary when it comes to mountain biking, so if you have been sedentary for a while don’t just jump on your bike and try to conquer the toughest trail in town. It’s a good idea to build up your endurance by doing some laps around your neighborhood or putting in some time on a stationary bike.
2. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Buying Your Bike
It can be a bit frustrating as well as time consuming when you shop for a mountain bike. They aren’t exactly inexpensive and there is a lot to consider before you shell out a big bundle of cash on the mountain bike of your dreams.
One of the best places to start is determining what you want and can afford to spend. There is really no limit as to how much money you can invest on a new mountain bike. To help you keep your spending under control, you should figure out what your price range is before you hit the store that way you will end up with a good bike and no buyer’s remorse.
While it may be tempting, it isn’t always a good idea to buy from big department store like Wal-Mart. Their prices may be lower but unless you really know the brand of bike you’re buying the quality may be lacking. Instead, check out your local bike shop first. Often you will get a better bike and much better service. A good bike will last you a long time so choose wisely.
Mountain bikes come in many shapes and sizes. They are built to suit different riding styles and terrain types. To pick the right bike for your needs you’ll need to figure out what type of riding you will be doing the most. Smooth riding, cross-country racing, mountain cruising, lift-accessed downhill etc.
You also want to make sure that the bike you choose fits your personal style and not that of the sale’s staff.
Do you want a full suspension bike or hard tail, is another question you should think about before you start shopping. If you can afford it, a full suspension mountain bike is always worth the purchase because they offer more comfort and better overall control. However, a hard tail, without rear suspension, is much lighter in weight, which means it will pedal more efficiently. So again, the bike you choose depends on the type of riding you’ll be doing.
When it comes to narrowing down your choices comparing mountain bikes component to component is nearly impossible because there are far too many combinations available. The best way to go about doing this is finding a few components that are the most important to you and making sure the rest or the minimums fall within your price range. You can start with the fork then look at the wheels and rear derailleur.
Keep an eye out for sales and consider buying off-season. During the year, the prices of mountain bikes can fluctuate quite a bit. Spring through summer are the main buying season. If you can wait until the right price pops up, normally in the fall and winter, you can often save a couple hundred dollars. Many bike shops will have clearance sales and offer discounts or accessories when you buy from them.
Finding a good bike dealer is more important than finding the best price. You should look for a dealer that cares more about selling you a great bike than selling you a high priced one. Don’t be afraid to ask questions and talk with other bikers to see who they recommend. A great dealer will have a clean repair shop, be knowledgeable, helpful and give you the impression that you can really trust them.
You should take a test ride on as several bikes within your price range and if you can. You’ll find that some bikes will feel right, while others won’t. The more bikes you can test drive, you better you’ll understand what works for you and what doesn’t.
Bike reviews are a great way to find out about the different types and brands of mountain bikes. You should always look at what other owners think about a bike before you make that final purchase.
It will give you a rider’s insight into the reliability and overall performance you can expect.
Before we close this issue let’s quickly go over the anatomy of a mountain bike:
Bottom bracket – This attaches the crankset to the body of a bike.
Brake cable – This is the cable that connects the brake lever to the brake mechanism.
Brake lever – The lever on the handlebar to activate the brakes. The left side is the front brake and the right side is the rear brake.
Chain – The circular set of links that transfer power from the chain ring to the cogs.
Chain ring – The toothed rings that attach to the crank to hold the chain.
Crank – The lever that extends from the bottom bracket to the pedal, transferring the power to the
chain rings.
Derailleur – The mechanism for moving the chain from one cog to another.
Down tube – The section of frame that extends downward from the stem to the bottom bracket.
Front shock – The shock absorber on the front fork.
Handlebar – The horizontal bar attached to the stem with handgrips on the end.
Headset – The mechanism in front of the frame that connects the front fork to the stem and handlebars.
Hub – The center part of the wheel that the spokes are attached to.
Idler pulley – The bottom pulley of the rear derailleur that provides spring tension to keep the chain tight.
Nipple – A threaded receptacle that holds the end of the spoke to the rim.
Pedal – The platform to pedal on; attaches to the crank.
Rear shock – The shock absorber for the rear tire on dual suspension type bikes.
Rim – The metal ring that holds the spokes on the inside and the tire to the outside.
Saddle – The seat.
Seat post – Offers support for the seat.
Skewer – The metal rod that goes through the hub, attaching the wheel to the dropouts of the frame.
Spindle – The free rotating axle that the crank arms attach to; also a part of the bottom bracket.
Spokes – The thick wires that join the hub to the rim.
Stem – A piece that attaches the handlebar to the steering tube.
Wheel hub – The center of the wheel where the spokes are attached.
3. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Operating Tips
Mountain biking is an exciting sport that can be enjoyed by anyone who knows how to ride a bike.
Compared to the average bike ride, it does present challenges and even some danger. It is very important that you master the basic skills before you hit the trails. You can practice these skills at a local park, school, bike path, or simply around your house. If you can, try to find a location with a steep hill.
First, get a feel for your pedals. Practice moving your foot away from the pedal, first while sitting on your bike with one foot on the ground. Next, move on to releasing and replacing your foot while pedaling around for a bit. If your pedals are clipless they will feel differently than ones with clips so you will want to spend some time getting used to them.
Next, practice sit and spin for position. Simply sit on your bike and pedal around. You should keep your arms slightly bent and be sure to adjust your seat height so your legs is 70 to 90 percent extended at the bottom of every stroke on the pedal. Keep your body relaxed, avoid any position where you have either your knees or elbows locked.
Now it is time to focus on shifting gears. It is important to get a feel for how your bike shifts. The
higher gears are harder to pedal and will go faster while the lower gears are easier to pedal and will help you ascend hills. As you get tackle steeper hills, keep in mind that its best to shift before you get to the hill rather than while you’re on your way up.
Also, spend a bit of time coasting while standing on your pedals, without actually sitting on the seat. Keep your arms bent and don’t lock your knees. Then, try experimenting with shifting your body towards the rear end of the bike.
You should get as comfortable as you can with pedaling while standing on your bike. Try lifting yourself off the seat while standing on the pedals, and then crank them around. You should try this in higher gears on flat ground then again in lower gears while on a hill.
Lastly, practice dropping down a curb. Try finding a curb where you can easily get to the upper portion of it. At a moderate speed, practice standing and coasting right off the curb from the upper level to the lower level. Try this at different speeds and curb heights until it becomes second nature.
Once you practice these techniques and get the hang of them, you’ll be able to hit the trails feeling
comfortable on your mountain bike. Even though it may take some getting used to, it will all become second nature before you know it.
4. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Bike Safety
There are many ways that you can improve your personal safety when you’re out mountain biking. Many riders will tell you that wearing a helmet is the most important step to staying safe. The second most important step is that you should always be in control of yourself and your bike.
By riding in control, you’ll not only prevent crashes, you will keep others safe on the trail as well. When riding out of control you lose the ability to adjust to the terrain as you ride over it. This can and usually does result in serious injury to yourself or others. That is why it extremely important to have the right gear and to keep the following tips in mind before you hit the trails.
Make sure that you wear a helmet and other necessary safety gear for the conditions that you plan to ride in. Never ride beyond your control. There is no shame in walking areas of the trail that you don’t feel comfortable riding on and you should never let anyone else tell you that there is. Always make sure you keep your speed at a level where you can quickly adjust to any obstacles or change in the trail.
Get to know the trail before you speed up your pace. You should never push the limits on trails that you
aren’t familiar with, instead take them at a slow speed until you are comfortable on them. Always slow down around blind corners. If you can’t see past a corner you should never take it fast, because you never know who or what is coming around from the other direction.
Start small then go big. Work your way up to stunts or obstacles. Practice in less difficult situations before you move up to the more challenging and sometimes-dangerous ones. Lastly, always play it smart
If you start to question what you’re doing, you probably shouldn’t be doing. When in doubt go with your instincts and stay away from stunts that could land you in the hospital.
5. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Bike Riding Accessories
When you first start out with mountain biking, it can be a bit overwhelming when you walk into a bike
store to buy your first mountain bike and see all of the available accessories you’ll need when you
first start riding.
There are several mountain biking accessories and related products that you can purchase but you don’t need them all. Even though the sales staff may try to sell you anything and everything they can, the real question for those on a budget isn’t what’s cool, but what accessories you need to make your rides more safe and enjoyable. By starting with the essential accessories, you’ll be just fine when you hit the trails.
– Bike helmet
The bike helmet is the most important mountain biking accessory that you can buy. No one should ever be on a bike (especially a mountain bike) without a helmet. Many people have experienced serious head injury, when it could have prevented simply by wearing a helmet. Don’t worry most mountain bike helmets are comfortable and stylish and everyone who rides on the trails wears one.
– Mountain bike gloves
No matter what season you ride in, your hands can take a beating. Beginners will normally keep a death
grip on the handle bars, which can be very brutal for their hands. When you crash, your hands will be the first thing to hit the ground – and everyone crashes at some point. Mountain bike gloves are a must have accessory, as they will take the beating for you.
– Mountain bike shorts
After the first few mountain bike rides you take, you’ll notice that your rear end will be quite uncomfortable. Even though your body will adjust, bike shorts are great to have, because they will help keep it at a bare minimum. You can get shorts that are very comfortable, making them a great addition to your mountain bike ride.
– Mountain bike shoes
Depending on the type of pedals you have and the type of riding you do, you’ll want to pick your mountain bike shoes accordingly. If your bike has clipless type pedals, you’ll want to get shoes to accept the special cleat for your pedals. Good mountain bike shoes are durable, comfortable, and also a stiff sole for better efficiency when pedaling. Also, you should make sure to get the right shoe for the terrain you’ll be riding in as well.
– Eye protection
If you get something in your eye, you can run off the trail in a matter of seconds. Sunglasses or clear-lensed glasses can help keep your eyes safe from debris, as well as protect them from the wind. When you buy your glasses, make sure they are non-breakable.
– Hydration system
Bringing a water bottle or hydration backpack with you is always a great idea. It’s very easy to get dehydrated when riding on rough terrain, so you should always bring water with you and drink it on the trail to ensure that your body stays properly hydrated at all times.
– Trail repair kit
It’s easy to get stuck in the woods or on the trail if you don’t bring the proper repair kit for your bike. To be on the safe side, bring a multi-tool designed for bike repair, tire levers, and a patch kit for fixing flat tires. So there you have it, the basic essentials that will help keep you safe and happy while you’re on the trail!
6. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Using Gear System
The gears in mountain bikes just keep getting more and more intricate. The bikes of today have as many
as 27 gear ratios. A mountain bike will use a combination of three different sized sprockets in front and nine in the back to produce gear ratios.
The idea behind all these gears is to allow the rider to crank the pedals at a constant pace no matter what kind of slope the biker is trying to conquer. You can understand this better by picturing a bike with
just a single gear. Each time you rotate the pedals one turn, the rear wheel would rotate one turn as well (1:1 gear ratio).
If the rear wheel is 26 inches in diameter, then with 1:1 gearing, one full twist on the pedals would result in the wheel covering 81.6 inches of ground. If you are pedaling at a speed of 50 RPM, this means that the bike can cover over 340 feet of ground per minute. This is only 3.8 MPH, which is the equivalence of walking speed. This is ideal for climbing a steep hill, although bad for ground or going downhill.
To go faster you’ll need a different ratio. To ride downhill at 25 MPH with a 50-RPM cadence at the pedals, you’ll need a 5.6:1 gear ratio. A bike with many gears will give you a large number of increments between a 1:1 gear ratio and a 6.5:1 gear ratio so that you can always pedal at 50 RPM, no matter how fast you are actually going.
On a normal 27-speed mountain bike, six of the gear ratios are so close to each other that you can’t notice any difference between them. With actual use, bike riders tend to choose a front sprocket suitable for the slope they are riding on and stick with it, although the front sprocket can be difficult to shift under heavy load. It’s much easier to shit between the gears on the rear.
If you are cranking up a hill, it’s best to choose the smallest sprocket on the front then shift between the nine gears available on the rear. The more speeds you have on the back sprocket, the bigger advantage you’ll have.
Overall, gears are very important to mountain bikes as they dictate your overall speed. Without gears, you wouldn’t be able to build speed nor would you be able to pound pedals. The gears will move the pedals and help you build up speed. There are all types of gears available in mountain bikes, all of which will help you build up a lot of momentum if you learn how use them the right way.
7. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Proper Tire Inflation
Riding your mountain bike with the appropriate amount of tire pressure can make a huge difference
in how much control you have over your bike. Setting your tire pressure too high will make for poor contact with the ground and make your bike less controllable. Setting your tire pressure too low will make your tires unpredictable and make them susceptible to pinch flats.
The appropriate amount of tire pressure in a mountain bike will vary between rider to rider and the way the tires are setup. The conditions of your trail and the type of terrain you’re riding will also greatly affect what tire pressure you should be using in your tires.
There is a trick here to finding out exactly what tire pressure will work best for you and your mountain bike during normal conditions. After doing this, you can learn to adjust your pressure for different trails and types of terrain as needed.
You should start by finding a reliable pressure gauge or a pump with a pressure gauge. Then, use this same gauge or pump anytime you are making adjustments. A gauge can be very inaccurate, so if you switch around it you can make things much more difficult.
You should start with a higher pressure of around 40-50 psi. If you have a tubeless system, you should
start lower, 30-40 psi. The more you weigh the higher pressure you should start with. Try this pressure for a while and get a feel for how the tires take corners and loose dirt.
Drop the pressure by 5 psi in each tire and get a feel for how this new setup rides and how it compares to your previous setting. You should notice some improvement in stability, and if you don’t, drop the pressure by another 5 psi.
You want to find the lowest pressure you can ride with without sacrificing pinch flat resistance. A pinch flat occurs when your tire rolls over an object and compresses to the point where the tire and the tube get pinched between the object and the rim on the wheel.
With tubeless tire systems, you can run much lower air pressure, as you don’t have to worry about getting pinch flats. If you start to dent your rims, burp air out along the bead, or feel the tire roll under the rim during hard cornering, you’ve taken the pressure much too low.
Once you’ve found a comfortable setting for your tire pressure, learn what your tire feels like when you
squeeze it with your hands. Once you know, what your tires feel like you will always be able to get the right air pressure – with any pump.
8. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Chain Repair
Once your mountain bike chain becomes damaged, you should immediately replace it with a new one. It is possible however, to repair a broken chain using a chain tool. For this very reason, most mountain
bikers travel with a chain tool.
Your chain has three basic components:
– The metal side plates
– The rollers between the side plates
– The rivets or pins that go through the rollers to hold the plates together.
These pins allow the rollers to turn freely as the chain moves around the cogs. If your chain happens to break, you’ll need to remove the broken link and replace it with a spare link. To do this, simply reattach the two ends of the broken chain and ride on a shorter chain until you can get it replaced.
To remove a broken link of chain, place it in the chain tool. Now, turn the tool counter clockwise until the rivet pin of the chain tool touches the chain rivet. Continue to turn the tool until the pin pushes out of the roller. Be very careful, as you want to stop turning when the pin is right at the edge of the roller, before it moves through the outer side plate.
Now, turn the tool in the other direction, and back it out of the roller. Set the tool to the side, then work the chain very gently from side to side and extract the inner side plates and roller.
Now is the time to re-route the chain through the bike. You may want to have a chain-retaining tool
or some to help you hold the chain in the right spot as you route and repair it.
Now that the broken link has been removed and you’ve re-routed the chain, you’re ready to insert a new link or simply connect the links that were beside the broken one. The process here is the
same – align the two ends so that the link with the inner side plates will fit inside the link with the pin and outer side plates. Now, use the chain tool to push the pin inward until it’s positioned evenly between the side plates.
The easiest way to learn how to do this or feel comfortable doing it is to have someone show you, then actually practice with a chain and a chain tool. You’ll have no trouble at all making a temporary repair in a mountain bike chain once you’ve seen it done by a professional and practiced it yourself a few times.
9. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Cross Country Biking
Cross-country mountain biking is the opportunity to see our beautiful country at its finest. Where free riders and downhill bikers use four wheel bikes and ski lifts to get them to their destination, cross-country bikers get to the top of the mountain by the ride. Though free riding is very popular, the life vein of the sport has always been cross-country biking.
Just as cross-country riders are a different breed, the bikes they ride are as well. The cross country
bike is completely different in many ways from other types of mountain riding bikes. The premise for
cross country riders is speed. Everything about their bikes revolve with the idea of making the bikes faster and faster.
Bikes used in cross country mountain biking can be fully rigid frame, hard tails, or even full suspension frames. Through the years, the cross over to full suspension has become very popular.
The weight difference between free ride bikes and cross-country bikes is considerable. You’ll be
extremely hard pressed to find a bike that weighs more than 24 pounds, and even that weight can be
heavy. Free ride bikes weigh close to 40 pounds, which makes the difference in weight pretty close.
If you’ve never tried cross country mountain biking, you’ll probably find it to be a break from the
ordinary. Even though this type of biking involves trails, it’s normally the type of terrain that beginners wouldn’t want to ride. Involving hills and rough terrain cross-country biking offers quite the rush.
For mountain bikers everywhere, cross-country is the way to go. It offers you a new assortment of bikes, new areas to bike, and a new twist to mountain biking, as you know it. If you’ve been looking for a mountain biking rush, cross country mountain biking is what you need to be experiencing.
Make sure you look for your next issue soon. We will be talking about some of the differences between disc brakes and rim brakes so you can choose the best option when buying a mountain bike.
10. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Bike Brakes
This can be a very important decision when you are buying a mountain bike. There are actually two answers to the question of disc brakes or rim brakes.
If you want better, more consistent brake performance in all conditions, disc brakes are what you should
be choosing. On the other hand, if you want the lightest set up you can have and you are willing to accept small variances in brake performance, or you want the lowest price possible, rim brakes are
what you should be choosing.
Over the years, mountain bikes have gone through many design changes. They started out with the original cantilever brakes, then went through the U Brake years, and are now with V Brakes. In most
conditions, the V Brakes seem to work well.
In wet or muddy conditions, rim brakes will perform poorly. Over time, they can wear right through the
side of your rim, causing the side of the rim to blow right off.
Disc brakes on the other hand have been around for a long time in cars but weren’t used on bikes much
until the late 1990’s. There were some issues in the earlier models, although the cable actuated or hydraulic brakes of today seem to work quite well.
In terms of performance, disc brakes seem to work better than rim brakes, especially in wet or muddy
areas. Disc brakes normally require less force to apply and aren’t effected by the rim or wheel condition.
Cost is an issue, as disk brake systems tend to be more expensive than rim brakes. Mechanical or cable
actuated brakes are a closer match, although they will still cost more. Hydraulic brakes on the other
hand cost a lot more.
When you make that final choice, weight out the above options then make your decision. Some riders prefer disc brakes, while others prefer rim brakes – making it a matter of opinion.
11. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Wheel Truing
Wheel truing is actually something that is very easy to do. Even if you have no experience with mountain
biking or truing a wheel, you can accomplish it in a few easy steps.
The first thing to do is make sure that none of your spokes are loose. To check, grab each spoke in turn
and try to shake it back and forth. If the spoke wobbles, or makes pinging and grating noises, it’s loose. If it’s loose, add tension to the spoke by turning the spoke counterclockwise with your finger and thumb pressure.
Keep turning and shaking until the noise is gone and the spoke doesn’t wobble or move. Move on to the next spoke until you’ve gone all the way around the wheel and checked them all. Now, it’s time to see just how true the wheel actually is. Turn your bike upside down then spin the wheel to see where it comes closest to rubbing on the brake.
You may need to rotate the wheel backwards then forwards to locate the middle of the bulge on the
wheel. Tighten the spokes, which run on to the other side of the rim. If those spokes are already
tight, you’ll need to loosen a few of the spokes which run to the bulge side of the hub.
Truing a wheel is easier than you may think, although it can be a little tough with some wheels. If you need to loosen spokes, be very careful that you don’t break them. They can be very tough to loosen on older mountain bikes.
When in doubt about how to do this yourself you can find plenty of video tutorials online. You can also check with your local bike shop. They can do it for you and sometime they even offer classes in general bike maintenance.
12. Mountain Biking for Beginners – Biking Vacations
Taking a mountain biking vacation is an excellent way to unwind and explore America. There are several
companies that offer mountain biking tours that go through scenic routes, and they often arrange any
accommodations for travelers as well. For athletic couples, these types of vacations offer the perfect
way to relax and enjoy some exercise together.
For instance, in the United States there are some truly awesome mountain biking trails. It’s not just the major mountain ranges that offer these trails, as any hilly, scenic, rough trail can provide riders with
the adventure they seek. Some of the best areas to mountain bike ride in the United States are the Pacific Northwest, Southwest, and Southeast states such as North Carolina.
Even though the entire American West area is great for a mountain biking vacation, the Southwest area is rapidly becoming a popular area for the sport as well. In the Southwest, some of the best trails include Pinery Canyon Road in Arizona, South Boundary Trail in New Mexico, and Flume Trail in Nevada.
Each and every trail deserves it’s reputation as a tough ride. Each one of these trails is over 20 miles long, with Pinery Canyon being the longest, at over 50 miles! Keep in mind though, just because you
go to a trail it doesn’t mean you have to ride the entire length.
The Pacific Northwest is also a great place for a mountain biking vacation. The three best trails in the entire region are Surveyor’s Ridge in Oregon, Mount Tamalpais in California, and the Methow Trial System in Washington.
A mountain biking vacation is perfect for athletic people who have the desire to explore regions at their own pace. These trips are much less expensive than other trips, yet they can easily be the adventure of a
lifetime.
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